Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicología del Principado de Asturias).
We currently publish four issues per year, which accounts for some 100 articles annually. We admit work from both the basic and applied research fields, and from all areas of Psychology, all manuscripts being anonymously reviewed prior to publication.
Psicothema, 2010. Vol. Vol. 22 (nº 4). 745-751
Ramón López-Higes Sánchez, Susana Rubio Valdehita y María Teresa Martín-Aragoneses
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Para diferenciar a los mayores sanos de los que presentan deterioro cognitivo (DC) se emplean habitualmente pruebas de memoria y de lenguaje. Entre estas últimas no suele aparecer ninguna que evalúe la comprensión gramatical. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las diferencias entre mayores normales y con DC en la comprensión gramatical, determinando las oraciones que mejor discriminan entre estos grupos, así como las dimensiones subyacentes que resultan más relevantes para los sujetos. Participaron 71 personas mayores, divididas en dos grupos en función de sus resultados en el Mini Examen Cognitivo: normales y con DC. A todos se les aplicó una prueba de comprensión que incluía 12 clases de estructuras oracionales. Los mayores con DC presentan un rendimiento significativamente peor que los mayores sanos. Las mayores diferencias se observan en las oraciones ajustadas al orden canónico. Las oraciones con mayor peso en la función discriminante son las ajustadas al orden canónico de una proposición. La densidad proposicional es la dimensión más saliente en ambos grupos. Los sujetos con DC tienen dificultades en la asignación de los roles temáticos a los constituyentes, incluso cuando ésta puede realizarse siguiendo una estrategia basada en el orden lineal de los mismos.
Grammatical comprehension in older adults, both normal and with cognitive impairment: A comparative study based on discriminant and multidimensional scaling techniques. Memory and language tests are usually used to differentiate healthy elderly individuals and individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). In the latter case, there are usually no tests to assess grammatical comprehension. The aim of this paper is to explore the differences in grammatical comprehension between healthy older adults and older adults with CI, identifying the sentences that best discriminate these groups, as well as the underlying dimensions that are most relevant to the individuals. Participants were 71 elderly people, divided into two groups according to their performance on the Spanish version of the Mini Mental State Exam: normal and CI. All were given a comprehension test that included 12 kinds of sentence structures. The CI group performed significantly worse than healthy elderly group. The greatest differences were observed in the sentences adjusted to canonical order in Spanish. The sentences with higher weights in the discriminant function were the ones adjusted to the one-proposition canonical order. Propositional density was the most salient dimension in both groups. Individuals with CI had difficulty assigning thematic roles to constituents, even when it could be done by following a strategy based on the linear order of the roles.