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Psicothema was founded in Asturias (northern Spain) in 1989, and is published jointly by the Psychology Faculty of the University of Oviedo and the Psychological Association of the Principality of Asturias (Colegio Oficial de Psicología del Principado de Asturias).
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Psicothema, 2009. Vol. Vol. 21 (nº 2). 241-247




Creación y validación de un protocolo de evaluación forense de las secuelas psicológicas de la violencia de género

Ramón Arce, Francisca Fariña*, Alicia Carballal y Mercedes Novo

Universidad de Santiago y * Universidad de Vigo

El daño psíquico conforma una de las secuelas de la victimación de un delito. La literatura ha identificado el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEP) como la huella psicológica. Ahora bien, no es suficiente con diagnosticar un TEP dado que, en el ámbito legal, es preciso descartar la simulación. Para conocer las aptitudes y modos de detección de la simulación en casos de violencia de género, planificamos una investigación en la que solicitamos a 101 mujeres que simularan la huella psíquica del maltrato en el MMPI-2 y en una entrevista clínico-forense. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres gozaban de una capacidad general (84.2%) de simulación en el MMPI-2. Por su parte, las medidas de validez fueron efectivas en la detección de la simulación, pero permitían un margen de error muy elevado. En la entrevista clínico-forense, la tarea de simulación resultó poco accesible: sólo 3 participantes lograron simular un TEP. Además, en dichos protocolos no se observó estrategia alguna de simulación. Por ello, contrastamos una aproximación multimétodo que clasificó correctamente todas las simulaciones. Finalmente, formulamos un protocolo de evaluación forense de la huella psíquica en casos de violencia de género.

Creation and validation of a forensic protocol to assess psychological harm in battered women. Psychological harm is one of the sequela of the victimization of a crime. Nevertheless, a diagnosis of psychological harm, that is, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), does not constitute sufficient evidence alone given that, in legal terms, faking or false testimony must be detected and eliminated before an expert testimony can be admitted. To assess the aptitudes and strategies for faking psychological harm associated with domestic violence, 101 women were asked to fake psychological harm using the MMPI-2 and a forensic clinical interview. The results showed that most women (84.2%) were capable of faking in MMPI-2. The original validity scales of the MMPI-2 and their configurations were effective for the detection of faking though with a wide margin of error was observed. In the forensic clinical interview, it was much more difficult to simulate since only 3 malingerers, in which protocols were not observed any feigning strategy, were capable of simulating the psychological injury linked to domestic violence. Consequently, a multimethod approach (MMPI and interview) was contrasted and observed to classify correctly all subjects. Thus, a protocol for forensic assessment of the psychological harm consequence of domestic violence against women was formulated.

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